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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT2339>
<title>
Sep. 11, 1989: Galactic Birth?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Sep. 11, 1989 The Lonely War:Drugs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SPACE, Page 66
Galactic Birth?
</hdr><body>
<p>A surprise for scientists
</p>
<p> Astronomers have long believed that galaxies, clusters that
usually contain billions of stars, were all formed shortly
after the Big Bang, the cataclysmic explosion some 15 billion
years ago that spawned the universe. But that conviction was
shaken last week when scientists announced that they had found
evidence of a cosmic version of gestation: a galaxy preparing
for birth. Said James Gunn, a Princeton University
astrophysicist, after the announcement: "This is the Rosetta
stone of galaxy formation."
</p>
<p> The apparent galactic embryo -- actually a massive,
disk-shaped cloud of hydrogen gas -- was discovered fortuitously
last spring by Cornell University astronomer Martha Haynes and
her colleague Riccardo Giovanelli, when they were monitoring
signals in outer space with the 1,000-ft. radio telescope at
Arecibo, Puerto Rico. While focusing the telescope on what they
thought was empty space in order to calibrate it, the
astronomers picked up a signal pattern resembling that emitted
by galaxies. The invisible cloud -- estimated to be ten times
as large as the Milky Way -- loomed fairly close, astronomically
speaking: 65 million light-years from earth. Since a light-year
is the distance light travels in a year, the scientists were
receiving signals from the cloud as it appeared 65 million years
ago. Because it apparently contained no stars, the scientists
concluded that they were observing a galaxy about to be born.
Said Giovanelli: "This cloud indicates that galaxies can form
slowly throughout the history of the universe and are not just
something that happened during some magical period in the
distant past."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>